Diffusion Review Worksheet Essay Example for Free

Diffusion Review Worksheet Essay 1. Define diffusion and what causes it to occur? The action of spreading the light from a light source evenly so as to reduce glare and harsh shadows. Diffusion is caused when entities are small and moving in molecules. They collide because they are moving at a random pace. The temperature causes diffusion. 2. Define the terms hypertonic, hypotonic, and isotonic solution. * Hypertonic: Having increased pressure or tone, in particular. * Hypotonic: Having reduced pressure or tone, in particular. * Isotonic solution: a solution having the same osmotic pressure 3. Explain the similarities and differences between diffusion and osmosis. Both are the movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. But osmosis is the movement of water through a cell membrane. 4. Define Turgor pressure ( also known as osmotic pressure). The pressure that would have to be applied to a pure solvent to prevent it from passing into a given solution by osmosis, often used to express the concentration of the solution 5. What occurs when plasmolysis takes place? The cells shrink and shiver. 6. Define the terms endocytosis and exocytosis . * Endocytosis: the taking in of matter by a living cell by its membrane to form a vacuole. * Exocytosis: Large molecules that are manufactured in the cell are released through the cell membrane. 7. Name the two processes that occur during endocytosis. 8. What are the differences between active and passive transport? * Requires energy or ATP * Doesn’t require energy, moves high to low concentration 9. Define facilitated diffusion. * The passage of both materials aided by both a concentration gradient and by a transport protein. 10. What is a carrier protein? What is its function? * can change shape to move material from one side of the membrane to the other 11. What statement describes the movement of molecules from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration? * 12. What does the term semipermeable (or selectively permeable) membrane mean? * Small molecules and larger hydrophilic molecules move through easily. * Ions, hydrophilic molecules larger than water, and large molecules such as proteins do not move through the membrane on their own. 13. What happens to the water in a cell placed in a hypertonic solution? * Water is moving out. 14. What happens to a cell placed in a hypotonic solution * It shrinks 15. Define the following terms: * Concentration gradient: a difference in the concentration of a substance across a distance * Diffusion: the movement of particles from regions of higher density to regions of lower density * Equilibrium: in biology, a state that exists when the concentration of a substance is the same throughout a space * Osmosis: the diffusion of water or another solvent from a more dilute solution (of a solute) to a more concentrated solution (of the solute) through a membrane that is permeable to the solvent * Phospholipid: a lipid that contains phosphorus and that is a structural component in cell membranes * carrier protein: a protein that transports substances across a cell membrane * Receptor protein: a protein that binds specific signal molecules, which causes the cell to respond * lipid bilayer: the basic structure of a biological membrane, composed of two layers of phospholipids * sodium-potassium pump: a carrier protein that uses ATP to actively transport sodium ions out of a cell and potassium ions into the cell * second messenger: a molecule that is generated when a specific substance attaches to a receptor on the outside of a cell membrane, which produces a change in cellular function * signal: anything that serves to direct, guide, or warn

Mars: A Last Frontier Essay -- Exploratory Essays Research Papers

Mars: A Last Frontier ABSTRACT: In this paper, I will attempt to present a general discussion of Mars and attempt to explain some of the history and reasons why Mars has been a fixture of human imagination. Ultimately, I hope that my overview will help the reader understand Mars and what is fact and science fiction concerning the possibilities of traveling, living on, and discovering life on Mars. Mars has once again gained national notoriety and graced the front pages of many popular magazines in recent months. The possibility that life existed on Mars has gotten the science community in a frenzy over renewed possibilities for continued exploration of this mysterious planet. New evidence of life on Mars is hinged on the conjecture that water once was abundant in the Martian atmosphere. The quest to prove that water and discover if life did exist has spurred international cooperation in sponsoring various missions to Mars. Curiosity about Mars is not a new phenomena. In fact, Mars has been present in literature, film, and radio for hundreds of years. Perhaps, one of the most poignant examples of Martian influence in our the world's media is the radio adaptation of H.G. Wells' The War of the Worlds given by Orson Welles. Welles, in this fictional address intended to sound like a broadcast, reported that Martians had landed at Grovers Mill, New Jersey. Welles conveyed that the world would meet impending doom (http://humbabe.arc.nasa.gov/mgcm/fun/pop.html). Thousands of Americans who tuned in after Welles explained to the audience was fiction believed that New Jersey had truly been invaded, and a brief panic ensued. Welles rectified the crisis by reiterating that the address was absolutely untrue. However, the panic inci... ...ize the planets magnetic fields and ultimately help determine the planet's core temperature, and lastly the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) which will measure the height of the Martian surfaces by rapidly firing infrared light and measuring the time it takes for the light to be reflected back to the spacecraft (http://mgs-www.jpl.nasa.gov/mgs/mgsbroca.html). These new technologies will hopefully provide new insight into the mysteries of this planet. People in the space program are very optimistic about what this unmanned series of missions to Mars over the course of the next decade will yield. Research universities, NASA and aerospace firms hope to eventually send humans to Mars and possibly even colonize the planet (Begley, p.54). The turn of the next century will be an exciting time for the space industry as science fiction very well may become a reality.

Muslim Persecution by the Quraish

Muslim Persecution by the Quraish When the Holy Prophet declared Allah's message in public and called upon the people of Makkah to adopt Islam as their religion, he moved into a new stage in Islamic history. Before this, the Holy Prophet's had only been preaching on very minor scales to his close fellows. The declaration of the message changed the picture. It called upon the people of Makkah to accept a total change – to pay homage to Allah instead of their idols and to bring a complete alteration in social, economic, political and commercial conduct.The response of the people of Makkah was aggressive. They felt that unless Islam was not faced with a tough opposition, it would be accepted by a large number of people, especially the poor and the slaved. Among those who took a lead in the opposition were the most influential chiefs of the Quraish, specifically Abu Jahl, Abu Lahab, Abu Sufyan, Waleed bin Mughaira and Abta bin Rabi. The poor and the weak converts like Hazrat Bilal were tortured and made to suffer.They would be starved, beaten and exposed to the scorching heat of the desert. Some slaves even died due to the effects of torte. However, none of the slaves or poor renounced their religion. Even rich and respected people like Hazrat Usman, Hazrat Abu Bakr and Abdullah bin Zaid would not be spared. The opposition increased gradually. Rubbish, twigs and thorns would be thrown at the Holy Prophet and abuses would be launched at him. A Quraish once tried to strangle the Holy Prophet with a sheet while he was praying in the Kaabah.Another time, Abu Jahl placed filth on the Holy Prophet's back when he was prostrating during prayers. The Quraish also hurled campaigns against the Holy Prophet. The Holy Prophet was called a madman. Poems were written to ridicule him. When the Holy Prophet's second son died in infancy, Abu Lahab called him ‘abtar' – a man with no male offspring. The Quraish would try to physically harm the Prophet. However, in spite of all these horrible measures, the Holy Prophet continued to preach Islam.When insults and physical harm had no effect on the Holy Prophet, the Quraish tried to bribe the Holy Prophet. They offered him large fortunes, the seat of the king, marriage to the fairest maiden in the land if he gave up preaching Islam. The Holy Prophet refused all such offers. Abu Talib was approached and told to tell his nephew to stop preaching. However, the Holy Prophet pledged to continue preaching Islam until the day he perishes.

Comparison of Mexico and Nigeria Essay - 1933 Words

The Adventure to Democracy 301100190 Simon Fraser University The Adventure to Democracy In the midst of the prevalence of democratic transitions, a number of developing countries are seeking to achieve the successful consolidation of civil order in modern days. Among those participants, Mexico and Nigeria has been spotlighted for the completely contrastive endings at the end of their long-adventures towards democratization since their independence; Mexico, from its independence, has maintained the political stability despite the authoritarian single-party regime and even accomplished the solid democratization at the time of the 2000 election whereas Nigerian regime has been deteriorated by a series of military cues d’à ©tats and†¦show more content†¦By means of land redistribution and Import Substitution Industrialization, PRI reinforced economic and social defections and even further promoted the remarkable economic development. In political aspect, it also largely contributed to settle down the ethnic and regional conflicts and created an atmosphere t hat was conducive to co-operate. As Andreas Schedler mentions in his journal, PRI brought â€Å"the end to armed strife between regional warlords and rival revolutionary factions by its foundation (pg 5, Schedler, 2000)† . Besides in accordance to the 2000 released article from the Economist, PRI used to fund the opposition political parties in order to maintain their existence in politics (The Economist, 2000). In brief, the PRI govern on the basis on collaboration, not on coercion. Ethnocentrism vs. Patriotism Along with what mentioned above, the contention of tripartite parties in Nigeria that encourages Ethnocentrism to splinters internal society contradicts to the national harmonization in Mexico. The contrast of Nigeria’s ethnocentrism and Mexico’s patriotism is well presented in their story of oil revenue. 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